{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T02:16:24Z","timestamp":1772676984541,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Nursing Research","award":["R01NR015639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR015639"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PATH Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PATH Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001582","name":"Dermatology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Sun Pharma Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sun Pharma Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Penn | Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","award":["Linda Pechenik Montague Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Linda Pechenik Montague Award"]}]},{"name":"Penn | Penn Skin Biology and Diseases Resource-based Center, University of Pennsylvania","award":["P30AR069589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR069589"]}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","award":["T32AR007465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AR007465"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5T32AI141393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AI141393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011643","name":"Blavatnik Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001299","name":"Prevent Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The microbiota mediate multiple aspects of skin barrier function, including colonization resistance to pathogens such as\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . The endogenous skin microbiota limits\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            colonization via competition and direct inhibition. Novel mechanisms of colonization resistance are promising therapeutic targets for drug-resistant infections, such as those caused by methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MRSA). Here, we developed and characterized a swine model of topical microbiome perturbation and MRSA colonization. As in other model systems, topical antimicrobial treatment had a little discernable effect on community diversity though the overall microbial load was sensitive to multiple types of intervention, including swabbing. In parallel, we established a porcine skin culture collection and screened 7,700 isolates for MRSA inhibition. Using genomic and phenotypic criteria, we curated three isolates to investigate whether prophylactic colonization would inhibit MRSA colonization\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . The three-member consortium together, but not individually, provided protection against MRSA colonization, suggesting cooperation and\/or synergy among the strains. Inhibitory isolates were represented across all major phyla of the pig skin microbiota and did not have a strong preference for inhibiting closely related species, suggesting that relatedness is not a condition of antagonism. These findings reveal the porcine skin as an underexplored reservoir of skin commensal species with the potential to prevent MRSA colonization and infection.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The skin microbiota is protective against pathogens or opportunists such as\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              , the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections.\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              can colonize normal skin and nasal passages, and colonization is a risk factor for infection, especially on breach of the skin barrier. Here, we established a pig model to study the competitive mechanisms of the skin microbiota and their role in preventing colonization by MRSA. This drug-resistant strain is also a livestock pathogen, and swine herds can be reservoirs of MRSA carriage. From 7,700 cultured skin isolates, we identified 37 unique species across three phyla that inhibited MRSA. A synthetic community of three inhibitory isolates provided protection together, but not individually,\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              in a murine model of MRSA colonization. These findings suggest that antagonism is widespread in the pig skin microbiota, and these competitive interactions may be exploited to prevent MRSA colonization.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00177-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1688562086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Harnessing diversity and antagonism within the pig skin microbiota to identify novel mediators of colonization resistance to methicillin-resistant\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurice","family":"Flowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon A. B.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Murga-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aayushi","family":"Uberoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie Ting-Chun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily W.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; 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