{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:56:50Z","timestamp":1788865010274,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI103280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI103280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI123433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI123433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI130584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI130584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI144472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI144472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Saint Louis Children&amp;apos;s Hospital Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P41GM103422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41GM103422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PATH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PATH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sore throat is one of the most common complaints encountered in the ambulatory clinical setting. Rapid, culture-independent diagnostic techniques that do not rely on pharyngeal swabs would be highly valuable as a point-of-care strategy to guide outpatient antibiotic treatment. Despite the promise of this approach, efforts to detect volatiles during oropharyngeal infection have yet been limited. In our research study, we sought to evaluate for specific bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers in isolated cultures\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , in order to establish proof-of-concept prior to initial clinical studies of breath biomarkers. A particular challenge for the diagnosis of pharyngitis due to\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            is the likelihood that many metabolites may be shared by\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            and other related oropharyngeal colonizing bacterial species. Therefore, we evaluated whether sufficient metabolic differences are present, which distinguish the volatile metabolome of Group A streptococci from other streptococcal species that also colonize the respiratory mucosa, such as\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n            . In this work, we identified 27 discriminatory VOCs (\n            <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n            -values &lt; 0.05), composed of aldehydes, alcohols, nitrogen-containing compounds, hydrocarbons, ketones, aromatic compounds, esters, ethers, and carboxylic acid. From this group of volatiles, we identify candidate biomarkers that distinguish\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            from other species and establish highly produced VOCs that indicate the presence of\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , supporting future breath-based diagnostic testing for streptococcal pharyngitis.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Acute pharyngitis accounts for approximately 15 million ambulatory care visits in the United States. The most common and important bacterial cause of pharyngitis is\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenesis<\/jats:italic>\n              , accounting for 15%\u201330% of pediatric pharyngitis. Distinguishing between bacterial and viral pharyngitis is key to management in US practice. The culture of a specimen obtained by a throat swab is the standard laboratory procedure for the microbiologic confirmation of pharyngitis; however, this method is time-consuming, which delays appropriate treatment. If left untreated,\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              pharyngitis may lead to local and distant complications. In this study, we characterized the volatile metabolomes of\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              and other related oropharyngeal colonizing bacterial species. We identify candidate biomarkers that distinguish\n              <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              from other species and provide evidence to support future breath-based diagnostic testing for streptococcal pharyngitis.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00194-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T13:00:35Z","timestamp":1696424435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Volatile profiling distinguishes\n            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n            from other respiratory streptococcal species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4932-5415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia Z.","family":"Berna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Merriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Microbiome Therapies Initiative, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Mellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danealle K.","family":"Parchment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Caparon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey R.","family":"Odom John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3835-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"CDC. antibiotic use in the United States, 2017: progress and opportunities","author":"Anonymous","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anonymous . 2017. CDC. antibiotic use in the United States, 2017: progress and opportunities. US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.9.4.479-484.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.89.2.355-364.1965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s110101105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2012.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312115569565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01148-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"NIST standard reference database 1A, user guide","author":"Anonymous","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anonymous . 2008. NIST standard reference database 1A, user guide. The NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac300698c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/10\/2\/026008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aa5833"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20220092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8010016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/3\/034001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05414.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55334-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00021-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201000155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20953-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201900448"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(03)00304-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00468-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/3\/2\/027003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/1\/014001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-3"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00194-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00194-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1698165322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.00194-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Achkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msphere.00194-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00194-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00194-23"}}