{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:02:49Z","timestamp":1779242569080,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            U.S. university students are at a higher risk of invasive meningococcal disease than the general population. The responsible pathogen,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , can be carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx; the dynamics of meningococcal carriage and the genetic features that distinguish carriage versus disease states are not completely understood. Through our analyses, we aimed to provide data to address these topics. We whole-genome sequenced 1,514 meningococcal carriage isolates from individuals at three U.S. universities, two of which underwent mass vaccination campaigns following recent meningococcal outbreaks. We describe the within-host genetic changes among individuals carrying a strain with the same molecular type over time, the primary strains being carried in this population, and the genetic differences between closely related outbreak and carriage strains. Our results provide detailed information on the dynamics of meningococcal carriage and the genetic differences in carriage and outbreak strains, which can inform future efforts to reduce the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00197-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T16:12:02Z","timestamp":1586275922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Insights on Population Structure and Within-Host Genetic Changes among Meningococcal Carriage Isolates from U.S. Universities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sandeep J.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadav","family":"Topaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"How-Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Whaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeni T.","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna E.","family":"Schmink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurel T.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine D.","family":"Rodriguez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9415-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Soeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mbaeyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2503.181574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61016-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"606","article-title":"Serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and carriage evaluation at a college-Rhode Island, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Soeters HM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soeters HM, McNamara LA, Whaley M, Wang X, Alexander-Scott N, Kanadanian KV, Kelleher CM, MacNeil J, Martin SW, Raines N, Sears S, Vanner C, Vuong J, Bandy U, Sicard K, Patel M, Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 2015. Serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and carriage evaluation at a college-Rhode Island, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64:606\u2013607.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-4015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268800050196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05385-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2311-2316.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-4453(83)92756-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30244-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800151105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5146-5153.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28119-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268898008930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3806-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(00)00356-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3185-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00201-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Garrison E Marth G. 2012. Haplotype-based variant detection from short-read sequencing. arXiv 1207.3907 [q-bio.GN] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1207.3907."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2344317"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00197-20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00197-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T04:34:25Z","timestamp":1646714065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mSphere.00197-20"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Garret","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mSphere.00197-20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00197-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00197-20"}}