{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:44:43Z","timestamp":1777045483753,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Meningococcal disease (meningitis and bloodstream infections) threatens millions of people across the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa. A vaccine introduced in 2010 protects against Africa\u2019s then-most common cause of meningococcal disease,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:named-content>\n            serogroup A. However, other serogroups continue to cause epidemics in the region\u2014including serogroup W. The rapid identification of strains that have been associated with prior outbreaks can improve the assessment of outbreak risk and enable timely preparation of public health responses, including vaccination. Phylogenetic analysis of newly sequenced serogroup W strains isolated from 1994 to 2012 identified two groups of strains linked to large epidemics in Burkina Faso, one being descended from a strain that caused an outbreak during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2000. We find that applying whole-genome sequencing to meningococcal disease surveillance collections improves the discrimination among strains, even within a single nation-wide epidemic, which can be used to better understand pathogen spread.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00201-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T03:50:35Z","timestamp":1479354635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Establishment and Diversification of Epidemic-Associated Serogroup W Meningococcus in the African Meningitis Belt, 1994 to 2012"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7185-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam C.","family":"Retchless","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoul-Salam","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanou Sourou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Knipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mili","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori A.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lassana","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ou\u00e9draogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Absetou","family":"Ky Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Public, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumeya","family":"Ouangraoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhwani","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70168-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61612-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Meningococcal disease control in countries of the African meningitis belt, 2014","volume":"90","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 2015. 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