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Therefore, if the placenta and the fetus are typically populated by low-biomass microbial communities, current understanding of the role of microbes in reproduction and pregnancy outcomes will need to be fundamentally reconsidered. Could these communities be of benefit by competitively excluding potential pathogens or priming the fetal immune system for the microbial bombardment it will experience upon delivery? If so, what properties (e.g., microbial load and community membership) of these microbial communities preclude versus promote intra-amniotic infection? Given the ramifications of the\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization hypothesis, critical evaluation is required. In this study, using multiple modes of microbiologic inquiry (i.e., culture, quantitative real-time PCR [qPCR], and DNA sequencing) and controlling for potential background DNA contamination, we did not find consistent evidence for microbial communities in the placental and fetal tissues of rhesus macaques.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00210-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T10:33:13Z","timestamp":1588761193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Lack of Evidence for Microbiota in the Placental and Fetal Tissues of Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Theis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University 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