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In this study, we investigate a gene acquisition event and its role in the pathogenesis of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococccus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            (pneumococcus). Our findings suggest that the gene encoding the predicted surface protein SspB has been transferred from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (a distantly related streptococcal species) into a distinct set of pneumococcal strains. This group of strains distinguishes itself from the remainder of pneumococcal strains by extensive differences in genomic composition and by the ability to cause conjunctivitis. We find that the presence of\n            <jats:italic>sspB<\/jats:italic>\n            increases adherence of pneumococcus to the ocular epithelium. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that a subset of pneumococcal strains has gained genes from neighboring species that enhance their ability to colonize the epithelium of the eye, thus expanding into a new niche.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00213-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:30:29Z","timestamp":1508977829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gene Acquisition by a Distinct Phyletic Group within Streptococcus pneumoniae Promotes Adhesion to the Ocular Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Irena","family":"Antic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Brothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Stolzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Biofilm Research, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Eutsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolando A.","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regis P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M. 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