{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:47:13Z","timestamp":1793065633854,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DH140154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DH140154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["224277\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224277\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R21 AI156762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI156762"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R21 AI166832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI166832"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The rickettsial human pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n            (Ot) is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium with one of the most highly fragmented and repetitive genomes of any organism. Around 50% of its ~2.3-Mb genome is composed of repetitive DNA that is derived from the highly proliferated Rickettsiales amplified genetic element (RAGE). RAGE is an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) that is present in a single Ot genome in up to 93 copies, most of which are partially or heavily degraded. In this report, we analyzed RAGEs in eight fully sequenced Ot genomes and manually curated and re-annotated all RAGE-associated genes, including those encoding DNA mobilization proteins, P-type (\n            <jats:italic>vir<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and F-type (\n            <jats:italic>tra<\/jats:italic>\n            ) type IV secretion system (T4SS) components, ankyrin repeat- and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing effectors, and other piggybacking cargo. Originally, the heavily degraded Ot RAGEs have led to speculation that they are remnants of historical ICEs that are no longer active. Our analysis, however, identified two Ot genomes harboring one or more intact RAGEs with complete\n            <jats:italic>F-T4SS<\/jats:italic>\n            genes essential for mediating ICE DNA transfer. As similar ICEs have been identified in unrelated rickettsial species, we assert that RAGEs may play an ongoing role in lateral gene transfer within the Rickettsiales. We also identified a conserved set of gene transfer agent genes in all Ot genomes. Together these findings indicate that, despite their obligate intracellular lifestyle and host range restricted to mites, rodents, and humans, Ot genomes are highly dynamic and shaped through ongoing invasions by mobile genetic elements and virus-like elements.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Obligate intracellular bacteria, or those only capable of growth inside other living cells, have limited opportunities for horizontal gene transfer with other microbes due to their isolated replicative niche. The human pathogen Ot, an obligate intracellular bacterium causing scrub typhus, encodes an unusually high copy number of a ~40 gene mobile genetic element that typically facilitates genetic transfer across microbes. This proliferated element is heavily degraded in Ot and previously assumed to be inactive. Here, we conducted a detailed analysis of this element in eight Ot strains and discovered two strains with at least one intact copy. This implies that the element is still capable of moving across Ot populations and suggests that the genome of this bacterium may be even more dynamic than previously appreciated. Our work raises questions about intracellular microbial evolution and sounds an alarm for gene-based efforts focused on diagnosing and combatting scrub typhus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00268-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T13:00:29Z","timestamp":1697634029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["<i>Orientia tsutsugamushi:<\/i>\n            comprehensive analysis of the mobilome of a highly fragmented and repetitive genome reveals the capacity for ongoing lateral gene transfer in an obligate intracellular bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Suparat","family":"Giengkam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitrasak","family":"Kullapanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jantana","family":"Wongsantichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley E.","family":"Adcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5447-7264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-4580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeanne","family":"Salje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02432-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00507-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01169-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0433-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ettema T Sch\u00f6n ME JoranM ulianV. 2022. The evolutionary origin of host association in an ancient bacterial clade. doi:10.1038\/s41564-022-01169-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01169-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01526-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611553104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsn011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000230"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Batty EM Chaemchuen S Blacksell SD Paris D Bowden R Chan C Lachumanan R Day N Donnelly P Chen SL Salje J. 2018. Long-read whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis of six strains of the human pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. Genomics. doi:10.1101\/280958","DOI":"10.1101\/280958"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06244-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6742107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00684-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evu262"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008361"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy247"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17094-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsq018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31176-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023479"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3448"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252537899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnz038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00276-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01816-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2000-1-5-reviews3002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-016-5599-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00793-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-112414-055018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a032375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp642"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01384-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa937"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.2.697-706.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(03)00162-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01867-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01187-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01207-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oyler BL Rennoll-Bankert KE Verhoeve VI Rahman MS Azad AF Gillespie JJ Goodlett DR. 2023. Rickettsia typhi peptidoglycan mapping with data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry. Microbiology. doi:10.1101\/2022.03.10.483817","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.10.483817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E23-01-0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01342-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00638-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00975-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00820-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027724"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01500.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.06.527355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40682-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.828605"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01775.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.830180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026598118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806904115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30269-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000752"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi049474r"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1856-1864.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2004.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00020-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AtkinsonGemma C TanelT VasiliH. 2011. The RelA\/SpoT Homolog (RSH) superfamily: distribution and functional evolution of ppGpp synthetases and hydrolases across the tree of life. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0023479","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023479"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.062117006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsy006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"The bacterial replicative helicase DnaB evolved from a RecA duplication","volume":"10","author":"Leipe DD","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leipe DD, Aravind L, Grishin NV, Koonin EV. 2000. The bacterial replicative helicase DnaB evolved from a RecA duplication. Genome Res. 10:5\u201316.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2003.09.082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/5.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100266108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.7181105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507057102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-7-40"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5476.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(00)01802-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-12-3201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28337-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00430-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511216103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408927102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00038-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00437-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leloup L Lai E-M. 2002. Identification of a Chromosomal Tra-like region in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 267:115\u2013123. doi:10.1007\/s00438-002-0646-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-002-0646-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02829.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.2.162-210.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8090362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03551.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02667.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.11.3126-3129.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00430-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.8.4263-4270.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.12.3872-3878.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28025-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.24.8267-8277.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00726-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.22.6099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4233-4247.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.14.4248-4257.1996"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00268-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00268-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T14:02:02Z","timestamp":1703080922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.00268-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alfredo G.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msphere.00268-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00268-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00268-23"}}