{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:22:43Z","timestamp":1787750563193,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI125841, R01 AI167367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI125841, R01 AI167367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A safe, effective, and affordable vaccine that can prevent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -induced diarrhea could have a significant impact on reducing morbidity and mortality in populations at risk. WRSS1, a live attenuated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      vaccine candidate, was well tolerated and immunogenic in adult Thai volunteers, achieving 40% efficacy against wild-type (WT)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We performed an in-depth analysis of mucosal and systemic antibodies in these individuals following WRSS1 vaccination and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge, including a broader analysis of antibody specificity, functional features, and associations with clinical protection. IgG and IgA against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      proteins IpaB, IpaC, IpaD, IpaH, VirG, and LPS from multiple strains, as well as complement-mediated bactericidal and opsonophagocytic killing activity, were assessed in serum, fecal extracts, and antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella-<\/jats:italic>\n                      specific serum and ALS IgG and IgA increased after WRSS1 vaccination and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge, particularly in na\u00efve individuals, and most robustly post-challenge. Shedding the vaccine or infecting strain was associated with ALS responses. Fecal IgA was broadly reactive to most antigens, while fecal IgG was specific for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      LPS. Functional antibodies were detected prominently in fecal extracts; the highest responders were na\u00efve individuals post-challenge. Notably, higher protein-specific serum IgA titers before challenge were associated with clinical protection against disease. Our results highlight the nuanced immunity to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in endemic regions and the importance of understanding the elements that mediate protection in these settings to inform effective vaccine implementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Understanding the immune response in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                        -endemic regions is critical for the design and implementation of vaccines for the target population. We characterized the breadth of systemic and mucosal antibody responses to WRSS1 vaccination and WT\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                        challenge in Thai adult volunteers. Antigen-specific IgG and IgA in ALS were elevated only in individuals who shed the vaccine or challenge strain, indicating exposure. Serum IgA responses to\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                        proteins were associated with clinical protection. Our findings underscore the value of serosurveillance in guiding public health interventions and support the concept of protein-based vaccines to prevent disease in high-burden settings.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00269-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:01:07Z","timestamp":1785416467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective immunity against\n                    <i>Shigella sonnei<\/i>\n                    in vaccinated and challenged adult Thai volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-7032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esther","family":"Ndungo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilara","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriphan","family":"Gonwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023swxh49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Armed 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