{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:16:20Z","timestamp":1790241380457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI098800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI098800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI106699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI106699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01 BX001725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 BX001725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01 BX002788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 BX002788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            has become an important pathogen in hospitals worldwide, where the incidence of these infections has been increasing.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A.\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections have become exceedingly difficult to treat due to a rapid increase in the frequency of multidrug- and pan-resistant isolates. This has prompted the World Health Organization to list\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A.\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            as the top priority for the research and development of new antibiotics. This study reports for the first time a detailed analysis of aminoglycoside heteroresistance in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A.\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We define the mechanistic basis for heteroresistance, where the\n            <jats:italic>aadB(ant2\u2033)Ia<\/jats:italic>\n            gene encoding an aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase becomes highly amplified in a RecA-dependent manner. Remarkably, this amplification of 20 to 40 copies occurs stochastically in 1\/200\u00a0cells in the absence of antibiotic selection. In addition, we provide evidence for a second RecA-independent mechanism for aminoglycoside heteroresistance. This study reveals that aminoglycoside resistance in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A.\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            is far more complex than previously realized and has important implications for the use of aminoglycosides in treating\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A.\u00a0baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00271-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T09:46:41Z","timestamp":1534240001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Aminoglycoside Heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii AB5075"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar X.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-10-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02432-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07324-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05085-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.85.6.607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316084111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.96.1.39-42.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017. 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