{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:43:42Z","timestamp":1770327822266,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Zikapath"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Zikapath"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["734548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Latin American Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak had a major impact on reproductive health worldwide. The reasons for the massively increased reports of neonatal microcephaly in northeastern Brazil are still unclear. Beyond the technical limitations of laboratory diagnostics, unambiguous diagnosis of ZIKV as the cause of congenital malformations is hampered by similar clinical pictures elicited by other pathogens known as TORCH pathogens. We performed a case-control study comparing mothers of children with congenital malformations to age-matched controls from Salvador, Brazil, one of the areas most extensively affected by the ZIKV outbreak. The ZIKV and Chikungunya virus seroprevalence rates differed significantly, whereas the levels of maternal exposure to TORCH pathogens were similar between cases and controls. Our data support a link between maternal ZIKV infection and congenital malformations and suggest the occurrence of predominantly vector-borne ZIKV transmission in these cases. In addition, some highly prevalent TORCH pathogens may be misinterpreted as representative of ongoing ZIKV activity in the absence of exhaustive diagnostics in northeastern Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00278-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T09:44:04Z","timestamp":1533635044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Exhaustive TORCH Pathogen Diagnostics Corroborate Zika Virus Etiology of Congenital Malformations in Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Andres","family":"Moreira-Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternidade Clim\u00e9rio de Oliveira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Eschbach-Bludau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludy Alexandra","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Postigo-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilmara Souza","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Drosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Martins","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jaenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)"},{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases (Section Clinical Tropical Medicine), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ulbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternidade Clim\u00e9rio de Oliveira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Felix","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01390-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31368-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31478-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80338-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30318-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30001-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Epidemiologia e impacto da toxoplasmose cong\u00eanita","author":"Mitsuka-Bregan\u00f3 R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitsuka-Bregan\u00f3 R, Lopes-Mori F, Navarro I. 2010. Toxoplasmose adquirida na gesta\u00e7\u00e3o e cong\u00eanita: vigil\u00e2ncia em sa\u00fade, diagn\u00f3stico, tratamento e condutas, p 5\u20139. In Epidemiologia e impacto da toxoplasmose cong\u00eanita. EDUEL, Londrina, Brazil."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Secretaria-de-Vigil\u00e2ncia-em-Sa\u00fade. 2015. Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico-Programa Nacional de Imuniza\u00e7\u00f5es: aspectos hist\u00f3ricos dos calend\u00e1rios de vacina\u00e7\u00e3o e avan\u00e7os dos indicadores de coberturas vacinais no per\u00edodo de 1980 a 2013 46. http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2015\/outubro\/14\/besvs-pni-v46-n30.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918777256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70422-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.178608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00273-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2017.87"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00278-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00278-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T04:07:38Z","timestamp":1646712458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mSphere.00278-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Glenn","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mSphere.00278-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00278-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00278-18"}}