{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T03:55:59Z","timestamp":1778990159132,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The global spread of ESBL-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            has been driven in large part by pandemic sequence type 131 (ST131). A recent study suggested that, within\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ST131, certain sublineages have disseminated worldwide with little association with their geographical origin, highlighting the complexity of the epidemiology of this pandemic clone. ST131 bacteria have also been classified into four virotypes based on the distribution of certain virulence genes. Information on virotype distribution in Asian ST131 strains is limited. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of ESBL-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ST131 strains collected in Nepal and Japan, two Asian countries with a high and low prevalence of ESBL-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , respectively. We systematically compared these ST131 genomes with those reported from other regions to gain insights into the molecular epidemiology of their spread and found the distinct phylogenetic characteristics of the spread of ESBL-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ST131 in these two geographical areas of Asia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00289-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T02:48:58Z","timestamp":1477536538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Genome Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Strains from Nepal and Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Tohru","family":"Miyoshi-Akiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jatan Bahadur","family":"Sherchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Nagamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeevan B.","family":"Sherchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarmila","family":"Tandukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ohmagari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Kirikae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Medical Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 2014. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014. 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APUA Nepal. Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, Boston, MA. http:\/\/www.tufts.edu\/med\/apua\/intl_chapters\/nepal.shtml . Accessed 20 September 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"Situation analysis and recommendations. Antibiotic use and resistance in Nepal","author":"GARP-Nepal National Working Group","year":"2015","unstructured":"GARP-Nepal National Working Group . 2015. Situation analysis and recommendations. Antibiotic use and resistance in Nepal. Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP), Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, Washington, DC. http:\/\/cddep.org\/publications\/garp_nepal_situation_analysis#sthash.DKyQe07e.dpbs . Accessed 20 September 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; nineteenth informational supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute . 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; nineteenth informational supplement. Approved standard M100-S19. 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