{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:28:31Z","timestamp":1790796511999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI22232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI22232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000875","name":"Pew Charitable Trusts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The spore-forming obligate anaerobe\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease in the United States. When\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            spores are ingested by susceptible individuals, they germinate within the gut and transform into vegetative, toxin-secreting cells. During infection,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            must also induce spore formation to survive exit from the host. Since spore formation is essential for transmission, understanding the basic mechanisms underlying sporulation in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            could inform the development of therapeutic strategies targeting spores. In this study, we determine the requirement of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            homolog of SpoVM, a protein that is essential for spore formation in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            due to its regulation of coat and cortex formation. We observed that SpoVM plays a minor role in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            spore formation, in contrast with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. subtilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , indicating that this protein would not be a good target for inhibiting spore formation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00315-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:25:42Z","timestamp":1505953542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Conserved Spore Coat Protein SpoVM Is Largely Dispensable in Clostridium difficile Spore Formation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"John W.","family":"Ribis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University 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