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The latter is especially disturbing with the increase in multiresistant bacterial clones worldwide. Bacterial biofilm formation is a multistep process that starts with surface adhesion, after which attached bacteria divide and give rise to biomass. The actual steps required for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilm formation are largely not known. We show that interference with peptidoglycan biosynthesis increases biofilm formation because of the release of bacterial genomic DNA. Subinhibitory concentrations of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, which are often prescribed to treat\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections, increase biofilm formation through a similar mechanism. Therefore, when \u03b2-lactam antibiotics do not reach their MIC\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , they might not only drive selection for \u03b2-lactam-resistant clones but also increase biofilm formation and resistance to other antimicrobial compounds.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00329-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T02:10:37Z","timestamp":1484791837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bacterial Lysis through Interference with Peptidoglycan Synthesis Increases Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Marti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Merlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; 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