{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:52:50Z","timestamp":1789645970064,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC003915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC003915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Nontypeable\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (NTHI) is the predominant bacterial causative agent of many chronic and recurrent diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. NTHI-induced chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and exacerbations of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often develop during or just after an upper respiratory tract viral infection. We have developed a vaccine candidate immunogen for NTHI-induced diseases that targets the majority subunit (PilA) of the type IV twitching pilus (T4P), which NTHI uses to adhere to respiratory tract epithelial cells and that also plays a role in disease. Here, we showed that NTHI cocultured with virus-infected respiratory tract epithelial cells express significantly more of the vaccine-targeted T4P than NTHI that encounters mock-infected (healthy) cells. These results strongly suggest that a vaccine strategy that targets the NTHI T4P will be effective under the most common predisposing condition: when the human host has a respiratory tract virus infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00384-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T14:17:07Z","timestamp":1590502627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Responds to Virus-Infected Cells with a Significant Increase in Type IV Pilus Expression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Mokrzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolapo A.","family":"Dairo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0017-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren O.","family":"Bakaletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201306-158MG"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00980-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.187-192.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.4.1629-1636.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"623","article-title":"Changes in nasopharyngeal flora during otitis media of childhood","volume":"9","author":"Faden H","year":"1990","unstructured":"Faden H, Stanievich J, Brodsky L, Bernstein J, Ogra PL. 1990. Changes in nasopharyngeal flora during otitis media of childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis J 9:623\u2013626.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2152656720911605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-6-219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.27.4.619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"683","article-title":"Biofilms and infections of the upper respiratory tract","volume":"14","author":"Pintucci JP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pintucci JP, Corno S, Garotta M. 2010. Biofilms and infections of the upper respiratory tract. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14:683\u2013690.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1635-1643.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01022-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05864.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06540-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01466-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02423-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00563-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00022-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00345-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.07.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200005001-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311217110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.5.1710-1718.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0417OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01339.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00338.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00341-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516979113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414422112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00704-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1693247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.7.6014-6023.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25167-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-136OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0243OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0806OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.16.2.230-241.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.11.5654-5666.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2746-2762.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1951.4.5.378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-36-3-403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.5.2002-2020.1994"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00384-20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mSphere.00384-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T04:34:36Z","timestamp":1646714076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mSphere.00384-20"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Helene F.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mSphere.00384-20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00384-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00384-20"}}