{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:06:49Z","timestamp":1792220809473,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DP5OD017892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP5OD017892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI110819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI110819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001645","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011671","name":"G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is an intracellular parasite that causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients and affects the developing fetus when contracted during pregnancy. Closely related species cause malaria and severe diarrhea, thereby constituting leading causes for childhood mortality. Despite their importance to global health, this family of parasites has remained enigmatic. Given its remarkable experimental tractability,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    has emerged as a model also for the study of related parasites. Genetic approaches are important tools for studying the biology of organisms, including\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . As such, the recent developments of CRISPR-Cas9-based techniques for genome editing have vastly expanded our ability to study the biology of numerous species. In some organisms, however, CRISPR-Cas9 has been difficult to implement due to its inherent toxicity. Our research characterizes the basis of the observed toxicity, using\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    as a model, allowing us to develop approaches to aid the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in diverse species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00386-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T07:48:59Z","timestamp":1561448939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Optimizing Systems for Cas9 Expression in Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt M.","family":"Markus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan A.","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. 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