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BoNTs comprise a large family of zinc metalloproteases, but BoNT\/A1 is used nearly exclusively for pharmaceutical purposes. The genetic inactivation of a second BoNT gene in the native strain enabled expression and isolation of a single BoNT\/A6 from cultures. Its characterization indicated that BoNT\/A subtype A6 has a long duration of action comparable to A1, while it enters neurons faster and more efficiently and remains more localized after intramuscular injection. These characteristics of BoNT\/A6 are of interest for potential use of BoNT\/A6 as a novel BoNT-based therapeutic that is effective and has a fast onset, an improved safety profile, and a long duration of action. Use of BoNT\/A6 as a pharmaceutical also has the potential to reveal novel treatment motifs compared to currently used treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00466-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T14:37:58Z","timestamp":1540305478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Botulinum Neurotoxin A Subtype 6"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Molly S.","family":"Moritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Tepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marite","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Pellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33570-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(07)01511-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.051908.125345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00396.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Intracellular targets and metalloprotease activity of tetanus and botulism neurotoxins","volume":"195","author":"Schiavo G","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schiavo G, Rossetto O, Tonello F, Montecucco C. 1995. 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