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In addition, pigs are an important reservoir for the zoonotic salmonellosis\n                      <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                      where pigs can serve as asymptomatic carriers. Here, we investigated the impact of an ongoing\n                      <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection on the immune response to\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in pigs. We observed higher bacterial burdens in experimentally coinfected pigs compared to pigs infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone. The impaired control of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the coinfected pigs was associated with repressed interferon gamma responses in the small intestine and with the alternative activation of gut macrophages evident in elevated CD206 expression.\n                      <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      single and coinfection were associated with a rise of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8\u03b1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      FoxP3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Treg in the lymph nodes draining the small intestine and liver. In addition, macrophages from coinfected pigs showed enhanced susceptibility to\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella-<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced monocytosis and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by myeloid cells was repressed in pigs coinfected with\n                      <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Hence, our data indicate that acute\n                      <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection modulates different immune effector functions with important consequences for the control of tissue-invasive coinfecting pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        In experimentally infected pigs, we show that an ongoing infection with the parasitic worm\n                        <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic>\n                        modulates host immunity, and coinfected pigs have higher\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        burdens compared to pigs infected with\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        alone. Both infections are widespread in pig production and the prevalence of\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        is high in endemic regions of human Ascariasis, indicating that this is a clinically meaningful coinfection. We observed the type 2\/regulatory immune response to be induced during an\n                        <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                        infection correlates with increased susceptibility of pigs to the concurrent bacterial infection.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00478-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T09:02:12Z","timestamp":1723626132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Concurrent\n                    <i>Ascaris<\/i>\n                    infection modulates host immunity resulting in impaired control of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    infection in pigs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-9680","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ankur","family":"Midha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Oser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Schlosser-Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"H\u00f6fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkadi","family":"Kundik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Hayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Adjah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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