{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:16:00Z","timestamp":1785413760213,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Controlled human infection (CHI) models can provide insights into transmission of pathogens such as\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              (Strep A). As part of the Controlled Human Infection with Penicillin for\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              (CHIPS) trial, we explored the potential for transmission among participants deliberately infected with the Strep A emm75 strain. Three approaches to understanding transmission were employed: the use of agar settle plates to capture possible droplet or airborne spread of Strep A; measurement of distance droplets could spread during conversation; and environmental swabbing of high-touch items to detect Strep A on surfaces. Of the 60 (27%) CHIPS trial participants across five cohorts, 16 were enrolled in this sub-study; availability of study staff was the primary reason for selection. In total, 189 plates and 260 swabs were collected. Strep A was grown on one settle plate from a participant on the second day, using plates placed 30 cm away. This participant received the placebo dose of penicillin and had met the primary endpoint of pharyngitis. Whole-genome sequencing identified this to be the challenge strain. Strep A was not detected on any swabs. In this small sample of CHI participants, we did not find evidence of Strep A transmission by the airborne route or fomites, and just one instance of droplet spread while acutely symptomatic with streptococcal pharyngitis. Although these experiments provide evidence of minimal transmission within controlled clinical settings, greater efforts are required to explore Strep A transmission in naturalistic settings.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                remains a significant driver of morbidity and mortality, particularly in under-resourced settings. Understanding the transmission modalities of this pathogen is essential to ensuring the success of prevention methods. This proposed paper presents a nascent attempt to determine the transmission potential of\n                <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                nested within a larger controlled human infection model.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00513-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1725965247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transmission potential of\n            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n            during a controlled human infection trial of pharyngitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Enkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thel K.","family":"Hla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janessa","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M. M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lansbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Osowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha C.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00865-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(48)90392-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/75.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/75.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/661596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00332-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1256-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00068-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30240-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000650.v3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptoccocal Diseases","author":"Hla TK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hla TK, Osowicki J, Salman S, Batty K, Marsh J, Kado J, Barr R, Enkel S, Snelling T, McCarthy J, Steer A, Carapetis J, Manning L. 2022. Protocol for a controlled human infection for penicillin against Streptococcus pyogenes: a double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomised trial in healthy adult volunteers (the CHIPS trial). Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptoccocal Diseases, Stockholm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06173-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01489-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2019.100622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal disease in two hospitals, Ontario, 2003","volume":"34","author":"Nolan L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nolan L, Schertzberg R, Wilson-Clark S, McGeer A, Pellizzari R, Steingart C. 2008. Outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal disease in two hospitals, Ontario, 2003. Can Commun Dis Rep 34:8\u201319.","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36717-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2023. Identification of other Streptococcus species: Streptococcus general methods. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/streplab\/other-strep\/general-methods-section1.html. Retrieved 11 Dec 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0341"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00513-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00513-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T13:03:05Z","timestamp":1730206985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.00513-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alfredo G.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msphere.00513-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00513-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00513-24"}}