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However, it has become increasingly clear that many infections are caused by coinfections with several pathogens and that the dose of the infecting pathogen is important. We quantified the absolute numbers of enterotoxigenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (ETEC) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            directly in diarrheal fluid. We noted several events where both pathogens were found but also a large dose dependency. In three samples, we found ETEC as the only pathogen sought for. These isolates belonged to globally distributed ETEC clones and were the dominating species in stool with active toxin expression. This suggests that certain superior virulent ETEC lineages are able to outcompete the gut microbiota and be the sole cause of disease and hence need to be specifically monitored.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00517-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1516706812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<i>In Situ<\/i>\n            Analyses Directly in Diarrheal Stool Reveal Large Variations in Bacterial Load and Active Toxin Expression of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yasmin Ara","family":"Begum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, 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