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Herein, we describe the isolation and whole-genome sequencing of potentially zoonotic two bacterial pathogens from diseased Malaysian pangolins (\n              <jats:italic>Manis javanica<\/jats:italic>\n              )\u2014\n              <jats:italic>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp. The newly identified species were designated as\n              <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              P69 and\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp. P66.\n              <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              P69 exhibited 99.2% whole-genome nucleotide identity to human bacterial isolate 4940, suggesting that it might have zoonotic potential. Notably,\n              <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              P69 lacked the diphtheria toxin (\n              <jats:italic>tox<\/jats:italic>\n              ) gene that is widely used in vaccines to protect humans from corynebacterial infection, which suggests that the current vaccine may be of limited efficacy against this pangolin strain.\n              <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              P69 also contains other known virulence-associated genes such as\n              <jats:italic>pld<\/jats:italic>\n              and exhibits resistance to several antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin G, gentamicin, tetracycline), which may affect its effective control.\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp. P66 was closely related to\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp. strain 2-related strains, exhibiting 98.8% whole-genome nucleotide identity. This bacterium is lethal in mice, and two commercial vaccines failed to protect its challenge, such that it could potentially pose a threat to the swine industry. Overall, this study highlights that, in addition to viruses, pangolins harbor bacteria that may pose a potential threat to humans and domestic animals, and which merit attention.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This study firstly reports the presence of two potentially zoonotic bacteria,\n              <jats:italic>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp., in diseased Malaysian pangolins collected in 2019. The pangolin\n              <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n              is lethal in mice and resists many antibiotics. It clustered with a lethal human strain but lacked the diphtheria toxin gene. Diphtheria toxin is widely used as a vaccine around the world to protect humans from the infection of corynebacteria. The lack of the\n              <jats:italic>tox<\/jats:italic>\n              gene suggests that the current vaccine may be of limited efficacy against this pangolin strain. The pangolin\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp. is the sister clade of\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/jats:italic>\n              . It is lethal in mice, and two commercial vaccines failed to protect the mice against challenge with the pangolin\n              <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix<\/jats:italic>\n              sp., such that this strain could potentially pose a threat to the swine industry. These findings emphasize the potential threat of pangolin bacteria.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00551-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T13:01:48Z","timestamp":1727701308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of\n            <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Erysipelothrix<\/i>\n            sp. in Malayan pangolins\u2014a potential threat to public health?"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South 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