{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1793997172376,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AMR\/TF\/55\/13ECDII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AMR\/TF\/55\/13ECDII"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the second leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. This has been categorized as a priority pathogen among enteric bacteria by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. sonnei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    seems to be replacing\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    in low- and middle-income countries undergoing economic development. Antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. sonnei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is a growing international concern, specifically with the international dominance of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineage. Genomic studies focusing on\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. sonnei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    in India remain largely unexplored. This study provides information on the introduction and expansion of drug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in India for the first time by comparing the genome sequences of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. sonnei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates from India with the publicly available genomes of global strains. The study discusses the key differences between the two dominant species of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the genomic level to understand the evolutionary trends and genome dynamics of emerging and existing resistance clones. The present work demonstrates evidence for the long-term persistence of all PGs of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and the recent dominance of a ciprofloxacin-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. sonnei<\/jats:named-content>\n                    lineage in India.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00569-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1601980436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Dhiviya Prabaa","family":"Muthuirulandi Sethuvel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Mutreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agila Kumari","family":"Pragasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthick","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhivya","family":"Murugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Anandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy Sarojini","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamini","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balaji","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33296-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2017\u20132018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2019. 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