{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:44:11Z","timestamp":1770831851384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total joint arthroplasty is a major concern requiring multiple surgeries and antibiotic interventions.\n              <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              are the predominant causes of these infections. Due to biofilm formation, antibiotic treatment for patients with PJI can prolong resistance, further complicating the use of current treatments. Previous research has shown that cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation (CVCES) is an effective technique to prevent\/treat implant-associated biofilm infections on titanium (Ti) surfaces. This study thus evaluated the efficacy of CVCES via the use of 10% betadine alone and in combination with CVCES to eradicate lab-grown biofilms on cemented and cementless cobalt\u2013chromium (CoCr) and Ti surfaces. CVCES treatment alone for 24 hours demonstrated no detectable CFU for\n              <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms on cementless CoCr implants. In the presence of cement,\n              <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms had 10\n              <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n              CFUs\/implant remaining after CVCES treatment alone; however,\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms on cemented implants were reduced to below detectable limits. The use of 10% betadine treatment for 3 minutes followed by 24-hour CVCES treatment brought CFU levels to below detectable limits in\n              <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              . The same was true for\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms on cementless patellofemoral implants as well as femoral and tibial implants. These treatment methods were not sufficient for eradication of\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms on cemented implants. These results suggest that CVCES alone and CVCES with 10% betadine are effective approaches to treating biofilms formed by certain bacterial species potentially leading to the treatment of PJI.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are problematic due to requiring multiple surgeries and antibiotic therapies that are responsible for increased patient morbidity and healthcare costs. These infections become resistant to antibiotic treatment due to the formation of biofilms on the orthopedic surfaces. Cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation (CVCES) has previously been shown to be an effective technique to prevent and treat biofilm infections on different surfaces. This study shows that CVCES can increase the efficacy of 10% betadine irrigation used in debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention by 99.9% and clear infection to below detection limits. PJI treatments are at times limited, and CVCES could be a promising technology to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00583-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T14:00:59Z","timestamp":1706796059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cathodic voltage-controlled electrical stimulation and betadine decontaminate nosocomial pathogens from implant surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8611-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tripti Thapa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Garwood Medical Devices, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Zumpano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garwood Medical Devices, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Opalinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garwood Medical Devices, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riley","family":"Ritchey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garwood Medical Devices, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics &amp; Sports Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Nodzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics &amp; Sports Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8664-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Canty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garwood Medical Devices, LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9513-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0945-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2265-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900801600115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.57.030502.090720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1771-1776.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2014.966290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i5.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0209-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01523.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Gram negative bone and joint infection: sixty patients treated with amikacin","author":"Schurman DJ","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schurman DJ, Wheeler R. 1978. 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