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Primarily employed to recover viral strains\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n              , these approaches have also been used to generate viral strains directly in animals. This review presents a historical and technical overview of publications describing the rescue of viruses from injection of nucleic acids directly into animals since the 1950s. The injection of purified or cloned viral genomes\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              has enabled the generation of many pathogens in a wide range of animal models. Recent advances in the delivery process of nucleic acid into cells have also contributed to this field of virology research, which currently focuses on creating a new generation of vaccines called DNA-launched live attenuated vaccines (LAVs). This new approach simplifies the administration of existing or newly created LAV strains, while providing better control of the inoculated material.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00742-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1754917251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>De novo<\/i>\n            generation of viruses in animals: from infection models to vaccine development"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-9662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxime","family":"Cochin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA)","place":["Marseille, 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