{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:45:45Z","timestamp":1785422745314,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRB690020\/0164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB690020\/0164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRCT5-RGJ63006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRCT5-RGJ63006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multidrug resistance (MDR) of the pathogen\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major challenge to global healthcare due to the limited treatment options. The emergence of MDR bacteria necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches, especially given the associated economic burden and the rapid spread of infections. Conventional treatments such as antibiotics and vaccines face significant obstacles. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as LL37 have potential as an alternative treatment due to their broad-spectrum activity and ability to target specific bacterial structures such as the outer membrane protein A (OmpA). The efficacy of AMPs can be enhanced by using nanobodies (Nbs) that bind to bacterial OmpA, guiding LL37 precisely to its target. In this study,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      OmpA (AbOmpA)-specific Nbs (NbO7 and NbO13) were efficiently isolated through magnetic-activated cell sorting-based screening of a yeast surface display library, eliminating the need for specialized equipment. Nbs exhibited specific, dose-dependent binding to the target. Conjugation of Nbs with LL37 effectively inhibited the growth of MDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This approach leverages the natural antimicrobial properties of AMPs and enhances their specificity and effectiveness by targeting bacterial cell surface proteins. LL37-conjugated AbOmpA-Nbs present a promising therapeutic strategy against MDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other resistant pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                        poses a major global health threat due to its resistance to nearly all available antibiotics and its persistence in hospital settings. This challenge underscores the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches beyond conventional drugs. In this study, we developed an innovative strategy that combines the human antimicrobial peptide LL37 with nanobodies (Nbs) targeting the outer membrane protein A (OmpA), a key virulence and survival factor of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                        . OmpA-specific Nbs were efficiently isolated from a fully synthetic library using a simple, low-cost selection approach without animal immunization. When conjugated with LL37, these Nbs bound specifically to OmpA and strongly inhibited MDR\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                        growth\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Our findings introduce a simple yet powerful platform for generating targeted Nb-peptide conjugates, offering strong potential for adaptation against other antibiotic-resistant pathogens and contributing to the development of next-generation biologics to overcome antibiotic limitations.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00779-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:00:12Z","timestamp":1770386412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of nanobody-conjugated LL37 for synergistic therapy against MDR\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Apisitt","family":"Thaiprayoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-5321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Worrapoj","family":"Oonanant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qkghv97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriphan","family":"Boonsilp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qkghv97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonth","family":"Submunkongtawee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoomintara","family":"Longsompurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangtip","family":"Moonmangmee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinpunya","family":"Riangrungroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047aswc67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)","place":["Khlong Nueng, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeerapond","family":"Leelawattanachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vy95b61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)","place":["Khlong Luang, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lueacha","family":"Tabtimmai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04fy6jb97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"DeLisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bnh6r87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Robert F. 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