{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:32:06Z","timestamp":1788413526996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n              is a leading cause of diarrheal morbidity and mortality in young children from low- and middle-income countries. Here, we aimed to verify the ability of the generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA)-based\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n              candidate vaccine 1790GAHB to elicit an anti-protein antibody response. Serum samples from previous clinical trials in adults (a dose-escalation study and its extension in France, a vaccine efficacy study after human challenge in the United States, and a study in Kenya) were investigated using pan-proteome microarrays consisting of 3,150 full-length or fragmented\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n              proteins. Pre-\/post-vaccination comparisons identified subsets of proteins that were highly immunoreactive and largely overlapped across all trials; the T3SS lipochaperone family protein (expressed on GMMA) was the most reactive in all studies. Responses to several microarray antigens correlated well with\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n              LPS serum IgG antibody levels. Overall, we confirmed the ability of GMMA to elicit an anti-protein IgG\/IgA response; however, no association with protection against shigellosis was identified. In the challenge study, IgG response to seven antigens (IpaC, IpaB, IpaA, IpaD, IpaH, IpgC, and MxiD; not expressed on GMMA) was associated with a decreased risk of shigellosis. These antigens were observed to also have high IgG responses at baseline in individuals naturally exposed to\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n              and could constitute targets for future vaccine development.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                remains a major cause of diarrheal disease, especially in children aged under 5 years from low-to-middle-income countries. No vaccine against shigellosis is yet widely available despite the high public health need. An ideal vaccine would provide protection against the most prevalent species,\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                and\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                ; therefore, it could be relevant to identify common antigens. We developed a microarray containing 3,150 full-length or fragmented proteins selected across\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                species. Sera collected in four clinical trials conducted in three countries of varying endemicity to evaluate a\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                GMMA-based candidate vaccine were tested against these proteins. We identified several\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                proteins (IpaC, IpaB, IpaA, IpaD, IpaH, IpgC, MxiD) that induced robust antibody response following experimental challenge or natural infection. These proteins correlated with a reduced risk of shigellosis after the\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                challenge. We found no apparent role for anti-GMMA proteins\u2019 IgG or IgA response in protection against shigellosis.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.01057-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1744808486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protein-specific immune response elicited by the\n            <i>Shigella sonnei<\/i>\n            1790GAHB GMMA-based candidate vaccine in adults with varying exposure to\n            <i>Shigella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Arlo Z.","family":"Randall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentino","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Nakakana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy A.","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Lorenzo","family":"Di Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Kapulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme","place":["Kilifi, Kenya"]},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert","family":"Frenck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center","place":["Cincinnati, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Launay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9; Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, CIC Cochin Pasteur; Inserm","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Ferruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella Silvia","family":"Scir\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Obiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme","place":["Kilifi, Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozelyn V.","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Edgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Bejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme","place":["Kilifi, Kenya"]},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Shandling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc. (ADI)","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura B.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audino","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-3181","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Micoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health","place":["Siena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. CDC Yellow Book 2024 - Shigellosis. Available from: https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/infections-diseases\/shigellosis. Accessed12 June 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Signs and symptoms of Shigella infection. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/shigella\/signs-symptoms\/?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/shigella\/symptoms.html. Retrieved 14 October 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30362-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S219755"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-02034-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33296-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu468"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30076-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.07335"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003708"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054649"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091376"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091536"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06255-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.3.533"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00019-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00824-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00412-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00112-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1662"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111216"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00627-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020328"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80421-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00260-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2014.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00136-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.671325"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101076"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00335"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.971866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121933"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008263"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.673122"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.715393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.5.1068"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.01057-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.01057-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:01:10Z","timestamp":1748350870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.01057-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David W.","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msphere.01057-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.01057-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01057-24"}}