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Although the mechanism by which PML inhibits highly divergent viruses is unclear, it was recently found that it can increase the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, whether human PML inhibits HIV-1 has been debated. Here we provide unambiguous, knockout-based evidence that PML does not restrict the early postentry stages of HIV-1 infection in a variety of human cell types and does not participate in the inhibition of HIV-1 by IFN-I. Although this study does not exclude the possibility of other mechanisms by which PML may interfere with HIV-1, we nonetheless demonstrate that PML does not generally act as an HIV-1 restriction factor in human cells and that its presence is not required for IFN-I to stimulate the expression of anti-HIV-1 genes. These results contribute to uncovering the landscape of HIV-1 inhibition by ISGs in human cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mspheredirect.00233-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T20:30:33Z","timestamp":1498077033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gene Knockout Shows That PML (TRIM19) Does Not Restrict the Early Stages of HIV-1 Infection in Human Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Nasser","family":"Masroori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, Department of Medical Biology, and BioMed Research Group, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearl","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Antiviral Immunity, 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