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This has not been done before, and the data have important implications for the treatment of patients with EVD, particularly considering antibiotic stewardship. We show that EVD patients who were also infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , particularly at higher loads, had more adverse outcomes than patients with lower levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not influence the innate immune response, and it is likely that the presence of EBOV dominated this response. Several viruses other than EBOV were identified, and bacteria associated with sepsis were also identified. These findings were indicative of bacterial translocation across the gut during the acute phase of EVD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mspheredirect.00325-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T20:30:28Z","timestamp":1503520228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Deep Sequencing of RNA from Blood and Oral Swab Samples Reveals the Presence of Nucleic Acid from a Number of Pathogens in Patients with Acute Ebola Virus Disease and Is Consistent with Bacterial Translocation across the Gut"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Miles W.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Porton Down, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Southampton, South General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Haldenby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genomic Research Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha Y.","family":"Rickett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadett","family":"P\u00e1lyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Institute, National Biosafety Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Garcia-Dorival","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genomic Research Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Akoi","family":"Bore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Mobile Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institut National de Sante Publique, Conakry, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fara Raymond","family":"Koundouno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Mobile Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institut National de Sante Publique, Conakry, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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