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Viruses, as opposed to bacterial pathogens, garner particular interest because outbreaks cannot be controlled with antibiotics, though the effects can be mitigated by vaccines and newer antiviral drugs. To evaluate the potential hazards posed by viral pathogens emerging from thawing permafrost, we review information from a diverse range of disciplines. This includes efforts to recover infectious virus from human remains, studies on disease occurrence in polar animal populations, investigations into viral persistence and infectivity in permafrost, and assessments of human exposure to the enormous viral diversity present in the environment. Based on currently available knowledge, we conclude that the risk posed by viruses from thawing permafrost is no greater than viruses in other environments such as temperate soils and aquatic systems.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00042-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T14:00:15Z","timestamp":1736344815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cooling perspectives on the risk of pathogenic viruses from thawing permafrost"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-7415","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Mackelprang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University Northridge","place":["Northridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn A.","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","place":["Hanover, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3601-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Ramey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","place":["Anchorage, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursel M. 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