{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:19:39Z","timestamp":1791346779325,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The International postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship","award":["2021044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021044"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["HD 097808, DK 126809, DK 130318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 097808, DK 126809, DK 130318"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 82004149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82004149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Cholestasis is a common morbid state that may occur in different phases; however, a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term effect post-recovery is still lacking. In the hepatic cholestasis mouse model, which was induced by a temporary complete blockage of the bile duct, the stasis of bile acids and liver damage typically recovered within a short period. However, we found that the temporary hepatic cholestasis had a long-term effect on gut microbiota dysbiosis, including overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria, decreased diversity of the gut microbiota, and an overall imbalance in its composition accompanied by an elevated inflammation level. Additionally, we observed an increase in\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n              (represented by ASV136078), rich in virulence factors, in both small and large intestines following cholestasis. To confirm the causal role of dysregulated gut microbiota in promoting hepatic inflammation and injury, we conducted gut microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice. We found that recipient mice transplanted with feces from cholestasis mice exhibited liver inflammation, damage, and accumulation of hepatic bile acids. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that cholestasis disrupts the overall load and structural composition of the gut microbiota in mice, and these adverse effects persist after recovery from cholestatic liver injury. This finding suggests the importance of monitoring the structural composition of the gut microbiota in patients with cholestasis and during their recovery.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our pre-clinical study using a mouse model of cholestasis underscores that cholestasis not only disrupts the equilibrium and structural configuration of the gut microbiota but also emphasizes the persistence of these adverse effects even after bile stasis restoration. This suggests the need of monitoring and initiating interventions for gut microbiota structural restoration in patients with cholestasis during and after recovery. We believe that our study contributes to novel and better understanding of the intricate interplay among bile acid homeostasis, gut microbiota, and cholestasis-associated complications. Our pre-clinical findings may provide implications for the clinical management of patients with cholestasis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00127-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T12:17:21Z","timestamp":1719490641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bile acid-gut microbiota imbalance in cholestasis and its long-term effect in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuesong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7799-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2007.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2181930"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.22-12-e819"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2020-0691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"434","article-title":"Aetiology and outcome of neonatal cholestasis in Malaysia","volume":"51","author":"Lee WS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee WS, Chai PF, Boey CM, Looi LM. 2010. 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