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On the basis of whole-genome sequencing analysis, we comprehensively explored transposons, CRISPR, prophage, and genetic sites for drug resistance within clade 4\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates with different sequence types. Great diversity in MGEs and a high rate of multidrug resistance were found within this clade, including new transposons, Tn\n            <jats:italic>4453a\/b<\/jats:italic>\n            with\n            <jats:italic>aac(6<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2032\n            <jats:italic>) aph(2<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2032\u2032\n            <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n            instead of\n            <jats:italic>catD<\/jats:italic>\n            , and a relatively high rate of prophage-carried CRISPR arrays. These findings provide important new insights into the mechanism of genome remodeling within clade 4 and offer a new method for typing and tracing the origins of closely related isolates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00252-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T11:01:11Z","timestamp":1553511671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Independent Microevolution Mediated by Mobile Genetic Elements of Individual Clostridium difficile Isolates from Clade 4 Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 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