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Recent studies demonstrated that the tigecycline resistance gene cluster\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            has emerged in ICEs of\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            . However, the prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            positive\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            from animal sources is unclear. To cover the gap, a total of 762\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. were isolated from animal source from six provinces of China to identify the\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            positive isolates. Eight\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            positive isolates were identified, with the\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            positive rate of 1.05% against all\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. and 2.79% against ICE-bearing\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. The\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster in these\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. were\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n            and all of them were carried by ICEs. Genetic structure analysis showed that\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n            -bearing ICEs were complicated and plastic, but the\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n            was specifically integrated into variable region III (VRIII) of ICEs with the help of integrases. Furthermore, we found that the\n            <jats:italic>umuC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, which is presented in VRIII of ICEs and other genetic structures of many other bacterial genomes, was a hotspot for the integration of\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            -bearing potential mobile elements. In summary, our results suggested that\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            were important reservoirs for\n            <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n            due to the high prevalence of ICEs. Therefore, continuous surveillance of ICEs-associated ARGs in\n            <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n            is necessary and significant for controlling their future transmission.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The emergence and spread of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n              have greatly weakened the function of tigecycline. Although studies have demonstrated the significance of\n              <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n              as carriers for\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n              , the epidemic mechanism and characteristics of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD-toprJ<\/jats:italic>\n              in\n              <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n              remain unclear. Herein, we deciphered that the\n              <jats:italic>umuC<\/jats:italic>\n              gene in VRIII of SXT\/R391 ICEs was a hotspot for the integration of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n              -bearing mobile genetic elements by genomic analysis. The mobilization and dissemination of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n              in\n              <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n              were mediated by highly prevalent ICEs. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n              -bearing ICEs with other chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance gene islands warned that the chromosomes of\n              <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n              are significant reservoirs of ARGs. Overall, our results provide significant insights for the prevention and control of\n              <jats:italic>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/jats:italic>\n              in\n              <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00429-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T14:37:11Z","timestamp":1694702231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Integrative conjugative elements mediate the high prevalence of\n            <i>tmexCD3-toprJ1b<\/i>\n            in\n            <i>Proteus<\/i>\n            spp. of animal source"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3256-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengbin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important 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