{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:30:09Z","timestamp":1777444209716,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qinhai province Major R&D and Transformation Project","award":["2021-QY-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-QY-211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              ), a facultative intracellular bacterium, is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes abscesses and pyogenic granulomas. The relationship between gut microbiota and host health or diseases has received increasing attention. However, the role of gut microbiota in the process of\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection is still unclear. In this study, we established a\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection model in C57BL\/6 mice and examined the impact of preemptive oral administration\n              <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              ) on infection. Our findings revealed that\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection led to pronounced pathological alterations in the liver and kidneys, characterized by abscess formation, intense inflammatory responses, and bacterial overload. Remarkably, these deleterious effects were greatly relieved by oral administration of\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              before infection with\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              . Additionally, we further found that during\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of mice orally administered with\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              accumulated more rapidly at sites of infection. Furthermore, our results showed that PMs from mice with oral\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              administration showed a stronger\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              clearance effect, and this was mediated by high expression of LC3-II protein. Meanwhile, oral administration of\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              protected the gut microbiota disorder in C57BL\/6 mice caused by\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection. In summary, our study demonstrates that oral administration of\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              confers effective protection against\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection in C57BL\/6 mice by modulating macrophage autophagy, thereby augmenting bacterial clearance and preserving gut microbiota and function stability. These findings position\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              as a viable probiotic candidate for the clinical prevention of\n              <jats:italic>C. p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n              (C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              ) is known to induce a range of chronic diseases in both animals and humans. Currently, clinical treatment for C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection mainly relies on antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention. However, excessive use of antibiotics may increase the risk of drug-resistant strains, and the effectiveness of treatment remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, surgical procedures do not completely eradicate pathogens and can easily cause environmental pollution. Probiotic interventions are receiving increasing attention for improving the body\u2019s immune system and maintaining health. In this study, we established a C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection model in C57BL\/6 mice to explore the impact of\n              <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n              acidophilus during C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection. Our results showed that\n              <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n              effectively protected against C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This study may provide a new strategy for the prevention of C.\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              infection.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00484-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1719493226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/i>\n            protects against\n            <i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis<\/i>\n            infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dengliang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuecai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanding","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengzhen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaofei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Qianyang Saanen dairy goats Development Co., Ltd, Qianyang, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dekun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-1489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wentao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9899.S4-005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170676"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01211-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-728"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176347"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005056"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020415"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0173-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20200-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ974"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101323"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2029997"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108461"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129679"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.618414"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-016-9211-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00469"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4677"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129981"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1206187"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0367-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo01651a"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082110"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13454"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904055107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.2.2.15661"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0637-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0542-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3691"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.03.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00366-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1252890"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01373-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16451"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01335-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00137-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0278-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009774"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S334581"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2508"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1725220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109105"}],"container-title":["mSystems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msystems.00484-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msystems.00484-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T13:20:34Z","timestamp":1721740834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msystems.00484-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hiutung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msystems.00484-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msystems.00484-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-5077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00484-24"}}