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Dietary sugars markedly shift the composition of the intestinal microbiota and alter host susceptibility to enteric infections. Here, we demonstrate the effect of L-arabinose on bacterial infection by using a mouse infection model with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Typhimurium (\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Tm). In the presence of microbiota, L-arabinose induces a dramatic expansion of\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , thereby decreasing the microbiota diversity and causing more severe systemic infection. However, L-arabinose supplementation does not alter the disease progression of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in a microbiota-depleted mouse model. More importantly, short-term supplementation of L-arabinose fails to exert anti-diabetic effects in\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected hyperglycemia mice and still promotes infection. Overall, our work reveals that a high intake of dietary L-arabinose supports a bloom of\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected gut, further accelerating the process of systemic infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        L-arabinose is a promising natural sweetener and food additive for the regulation of hyperglycemia. Since diabetic subjects are more susceptible to infections, the safety of dietary L-arabinose in diabetic patients experiencing infection remains a concern. Our findings reveal that L-arabinose exacerbates\n                        <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        infection outcome by inducing gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. High dietary intake of L-arabinose may be deleterious for diabetic individuals undergoing infection.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00522-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1720515702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dietary L-arabinose-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    infection outcome"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jingchen","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 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