{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:41:03Z","timestamp":1785908463368,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472323,82172306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472323,82172306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Program","award":["LR25H200001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR25H200001"]}]},{"name":"National Health Commission Scientific Research Fund-Zhejiang Provincial Major Health Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["WKJ-ZJ-2414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WKJ-ZJ-2414"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023C03068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82402665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRPM), largely driven by dissemination of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , poses a growing global threat, yet its phylogeographic and genetic patterns remain understudied. We analyzed 16\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -harboring CRPM clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in China (2017\u20132024) using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing, and growth experiments. We found that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      dissemination occurred primarily via plasmids and Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1), including a novel SGI1-PM16 variant. Early transmission events were associated with Tn\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">125<\/jats:italic>\n                      -derived elements (\u0394Tn\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">125<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), while IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      appeared to mediate rolling-circle transposition and likely facilitated local amplification of resistance cassettes. Additionally, we performed a global genomic epidemiological study of 420\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      -positive CRPM genomes curated from NCBI (accessed 21 April 2025). ST135 emerged as the predominant clone among CRPM in China. Phylogeographic analysis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      worldwide clarified the geographic prevalence of NDM variants. In the United States,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-7<\/jats:sub>\n                      predominates, whereas\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      is most frequent in China. In summary, this study provides crucial insights into the resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics of CRPM, as well as underscores the need to enhance genomic surveillance and optimize infection control strategies to mitigate the spread of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -harboring CRPMs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To date, the phylogeographic distribution of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      -carrying CRPMs has not been determined. Our study identified ST135 as the predominant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      -producing clone, with a distinct global distribution pattern of NDM variants. Furthermore, we elucidated critical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      transmission mechanisms, revealing both plasmid- and SGI1-mediated dissemination and IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -driven gene amplification, while also characterizing a novel SGI1-PM16 variant. These findings provide significant new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired antimicrobial resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00758-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1758542410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global phylogeography and genomic characterization of\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>NDM-1<\/sub>\n                    -positive clinical\n                    <i>Proteus mirabilis<\/i>\n                    isolates from China"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6314-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gpas306","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04epb4p87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gpas306","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cyvdv85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, 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