{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:25:53Z","timestamp":1777422353685,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000292","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SRC014 Personalised Approach to (PAPA)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRC014 Personalised Approach to (PAPA)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              To establish infections in human hosts,\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              must overcome innate immune-generated oxidative stress, such as the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced by neutrophils. We set out to find specific biomarkers of oxidative stress through the development of a protocol for the metabolic profiling of\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              cultures grown in the presence of different oxidants using a novel ionization technique for mass spectrometry, laser desorption rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LD-REIMS). We demonstrated the ability of LD-REIMS to classify samples as untreated or treated with a specific oxidant with 100% accuracy and identified a panel of 54 metabolites with significantly altered concentrations after exposure to one or more of the oxidants. Key metabolic changes were conserved in\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              clinical strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis lung infections. These data demonstrated that HOCl stress impacted the\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n              quinolone signal (PQS) quorum sensing system. Ten 2-alkyl-4-quinolones (AHQs) associated with the PQS system were significantly lower in concentration in HOCl-stressed\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              cultures, including 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS), the most active signal molecule of the PQS system. The PQS system regulates the production of virulence factors, including pyocyanin and elastase, and their levels were markedly affected by HOCl stress. No pyocyanin was detectable and elastase concentrations were reduced by more than 75% in cultures grown with sub-lethal concentrations of HOCl, suggesting that this neutrophil-derived oxidant may disrupt the ability of\n              <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              to establish infections through interference with production of PQS-associated virulence factors.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This work demonstrates that a high-throughput ambient ionization mass spectrometry method can be used successfully to study a bacterial stress response. Its application to the opportunistic pathogen\n              <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              led to the identification of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, and demonstrated that hypochlorous acid, an oxidant specifically produced by human neutrophils during infection, affects quorum sensing and reduces production of the virulence factors pyocyanin and elastase. No pyocyanin was detectable and elastase levels were reduced by more than 75% in bacteria grown in the presence of hypochlorous acid. This approach has the potential to be widely applicable to the characterization of the stress responses of bacteria.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01165-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T13:12:50Z","timestamp":1711458770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Laser desorption rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LD-REIMS) demonstrates a direct impact of hypochlorous acid stress on PQS-mediated quorum sensing in\n            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7781-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Bradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Spiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Takats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-6413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huw","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United 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