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Despite this, some coral species appear naturally more resistant, such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (herein\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      has emerged as the dominant hard coral in Cura\u00e7ao, comprising 26% of coral cover in reefs that declined by 78% between 1973 and 2015. Although life history traits and competitive mechanisms contribute to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s success, these factors alone may not fully explain it, as other species with similar traits have not shown comparable success. Here, we investigated the potential role of microbial communities in the success of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      on Cura\u00e7ao reefs by leveraging a low-bias bacterial and viral enrichment method for metagenomic sequencing of coral samples, resulting in 77 unique bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and 2,820 viral genomic sequences. Our analyses showed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated bacterial and viral communities are 12% and 20% richer than the communities of five sympatric coral species combined. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated bacterial community was dominated by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ruegeria<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sphingomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , genera that have previously been associated with coral health, defense against pathogens, and bioremediation. These communities also displayed higher functional redundancy, which is often associated with ecological resilience. The viral community exhibited a 50% enrichment of proviruses relative to other corals. These proviruses had the genomic capacity to laterally transfer genes involved in antibiotic resistance, central metabolism, and oxidative stress responses, potentially enhancing the adaptive capacity of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      microbiome and contributing to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s success on Cura\u00e7ao\u2019s reefs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Understanding why some coral species persist and thrive while most are in fast decline is critical.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is increasingly dominant on degraded reefs in Cura\u00e7ao, yet the role of microbial communities in its success remains underexplored. This study highlights the potential role of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Madracis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated bacterial and viral communities in supporting coral resilience and competitive success. By identifying key microbial partners and viral genes that may enhance host stress tolerance and defense against pathogens, we broaden the understanding of how the coral holobiont contributes to species persistence under environmental stress. These insights are valuable for predicting key microbial community players in reef interactions and may inform microbiome-based strategies to support coral conservation and restoration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01208-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:00:55Z","timestamp":1760619655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["High microbial diversity, functional redundancy, and prophage enrichment support the success of the yellow pencil coral,\n                    <i>Madracis mirabilis,<\/i>\n                    in Cura\u00e7ao\u2019s coral reefs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-849X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bailey A.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dgjyy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","place":["Coral Gables, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-3301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascha S.","family":"Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dgjyy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","place":["Coral Gables, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-9266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra K.","family":"Stiffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dgjyy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","place":["Coral Gables, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9612-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J. 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