{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:46:49Z","timestamp":1787237209145,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery of novel antibiotics with activity against drug-resistant pathogens. Members of the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      are a rich source of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), including well-known antibiotics such as polymyxins, paenibacterin, and tridecaptins. Here, we use a targeted mass spectrometry query language (MassQL)-based approach to identify the NRPs produced by a collection of 227 taxonomically diverse plant-associated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, providing detailed insights into their NRP-producing potential. Using MassQL to zoom in specifically on NRPs containing basic amino acids, we discovered a novel family of bacitracins, which we designated paenitracins. The paenitracins are the first bacitracin-type peptides reported in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and are distinguished from canonical bacitracins by three previously unseen amino acid substitutions. The paenitracins exhibit potent activity against gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      E155. Our work provides a novel metabolomics-guided and genomics-guided workflow for the discovery of bioactive NRPs as a strategy to prioritize natural product chemical space and accelerate antibiotic discovery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Members of the genus\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                        play an important role in soil ecology, producing a range of important nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). A collection of plant-associated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                        spp. were analyzed for their phylogenetic and metabolic diversity. We developed a novel discovery pipeline that combines feature-based molecular networking with mass spectrometry query language queries to systematically prioritize bioactive NRPs containing basic amino acids. Thus, we provide a comprehensive genus-wide inventory of NRPs produced by\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                        spp. We thereby identified the paenitracins, a new sub-family of bacitracins active against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens. Our pipeline enables the discovery of novel peptidic natural products to accelerate the prioritization of chemical space for antibiotics.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01496-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:00:26Z","timestamp":1771336826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paenitracins, a novel family of bacitracin-type nonribosomal peptide antibiotics produced by plant-associated\n                    <i>Paenibacillus<\/i>\n                    species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8530-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliia 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