{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:54:55Z","timestamp":1793145295052,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["PON04a2_00557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON04a2_00557"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012161","name":"European Association for Endoscopic Surgery and other Interventional Techniques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 Funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 Funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bariatric surgery provides effective and durable weight loss in patients with severe obesity. Both the surgical procedure and postoperative management, including dietary and behavioral changes, are known to induce long-term alterations in gut microbiota composition. However, their impact on microbial and host proteome profiles remains poorly understood. In this prospective, multicenter cohort study, we compared the fecal metaproteome profile of 45 patients with severe obesity at preoperative baseline (T0) and 2 years after surgery (T1). Patients were randomized to receive either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or one anastomosis gastric bypass. At T1, the relative abundance of the bacterial genera\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaerotignum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly increased, whereas that of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Romboutsia<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in the relative abundance of microbial enzymes involved in glycolysis, short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and cofactor\/vitamin biosynthesis, alongside various outer membrane proteins encoded by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Conversely, several proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and sporulation were reduced. Moreover, 74 human proteins, primarily associated with immune functions, showed a significant increase in relative abundance at T1, while numerous digestive enzymes displayed a downward trend. Our data reveal that a distinct reshaping of the fecal proteome and metaproteome persists 2 years after bariatric surgery. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of host-microbiota interaction and to identify associations with long-term clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Bariatric surgery is widely recognized as the most effective and durable intervention for severe obesity; however, its long-term molecular effects on gut microbiota-host interactions remain poorly understood. By applying shotgun metaproteomics to fecal samples collected before and 2 years after surgery, our study provides novel insights into the functional consequences of bariatric bypass procedures. We demonstrate sustained alterations in both microbial and host protein profiles, including metabolic enzymes, outer membrane proteins, and immune-related factors, revealing a long-lasting remodeling of gut ecosystem functions. These findings underscore the value of metaproteomics in uncovering molecular mechanisms underlying bariatric surgery outcomes and may ultimately guide the development of microbiome- or host-targeted strategies to optimize therapy and long-term patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01764-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:05:35Z","timestamp":1781010335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reshaping of the fecal proteome and metaproteome in obese patients 2 years after bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6066-7048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bnjbv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari","place":["Sassari, Italy"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bnjbv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Sassari","place":["Sassari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"De Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bnjbv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari","place":["Sassari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Deledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bnjbv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari","place":["Sassari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"De Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rg70c39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Laboratory and Hematology Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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