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It spreads rapidly and causes chronic systemic multi-organ damage. Currently, the invasion and pathogenesis of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            remain a mystery. In this study, we established a\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            infection model in New Zealand rabbits, and the\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            burden in various tissues and organs was detected to investigate the dynamic spread of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            in different organs. Our results indicated that the\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            burden in rabbits was in a cyclic and repeated dynamic process of decreasing and increasing after infection. In addition, the localization of lipoprotein Tp0971 was confirmed by using the gel microdroplet method. We found that Tp0971 might be a membrane lipoprotein that exists in the inner and outer membranes of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            . The immune-protective effect of the\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            infection-dependent antigen Tp0971 was evaluated. Tp0971\/CpG can induce high levels of Tp0971-specific antibodies, delay skin damage, and promote healing at the infected sites of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            in New Zealand rabbits. This indicated that Tp0971 may serve as a vaccine antigen candidate. Our results provide new ideas for future research on the proliferation, spread mechanism, and vaccine development of\n            <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The past two decades have seen a worldwide resurgence in infections caused by\n              <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              ) subsp.\n              <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              , the syphilis spirochete. The well-recognized capacity of the syphilis spirochete for early dissemination and immune evasion has earned it the designation \u201cthe stealth pathogen.\u201d There are many hurdles to studying syphilis pathogenesis, most notably the difficulty of culturing and genetically manipulating\n              <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              , as well as the absence of an effective vaccine for\n              <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              prevention.\n              <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              infection in humans is a complex and lengthy process. In this study, we investigated the invasion process and the function of the infection-dependent antigen Tp0971 as an immunogen to inhibit the dissemination of\n              <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n              in an animal infection model. This enables a better understanding of the specific pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen, syphilis pathogenesis, and vaccine research.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00047-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1697720556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Insight into the invasion process and immune-protective evaluation of Tp0971, a membrane lipoprotein from\n            <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China , Hengyang, 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College, University of South China , Hengyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China , Hengyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China , Hengyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, 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