{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:33:43Z","timestamp":1792427623678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K43TW011447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K43TW011447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a crucial component of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) cell membrane that mimics human gangliosides and can induce autoimmune neuropathies like Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS). Approximately one in 1,000\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections leads to GBS, with LOS variations influencing immune response and disease induction. We aimed to investigate the sequence type and genomic variation of the LOS region of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains isolated from patients with GBS and enteritis. We isolated 38 GBS- and 24 enteritis-associated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains from Bangladesh, sequenced them on the Illumina platform, and compared their LOS regions using various bioinformatic approaches. Comparative genomic analysis between GBS-associated and enteritis-associated strains revealed that LOS classes A, B, and C were prevalent (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001) in GBS-associated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. Sequence types ST-43 and ST-2042 and clonal complexes ST-403 cc and ST-21 cc were overrepresented in GBS compared to enteritis-associated strains. All GBS-associated strains carrying LOS class C belonged to clonal complex ST-21 cc. Nucleotide variation within the LOS region differs significantly (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) among GBS-associated and enteritis-associated strains. In GBS strains, phase variation (PV) within the LOS region was significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004). In conclusion, the predominance of GBS-associated LOS classes, characterized by class-specific nucleotide changes and elevated phase variation, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GBS. However, further research on integrating DNA epigenetic analysis and metabolic profiling is needed to establish the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni-<\/jats:italic>\n                      specific risk factors of GBS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis region is the most variable and virulent genomic region of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        . This study addressed the critical gap in understanding the genomic features contributing to GBS by analyzing the LOS region of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains from GBS and enteritis patients. Our analysis of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates from GBS and enteritis cases revealed genomic variations in the sequence type and LOS region, including distinct LOS classes (A, B, and C), higher prevalence of the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cst-II<\/jats:italic>\n                        gene, and significant presence of phase variability among GBS-associated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains. The findings highlight the association of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        LOS region in the pathogenesis of GBS. In addition, the results of this study will facilitate future comparisons by identifying genomic differences in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and sequence types between\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                        strains linked to GBS. This will enhance our understanding of the genomic variation of the LOS region and their role in GBS development.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00062-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T12:00:26Z","timestamp":1752062426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomic variability of lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus and sequence type among\n                    <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n                    isolated from patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2620-1762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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