{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:07:00Z","timestamp":1790363220956,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25jm0110026h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25jm0110026h0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K10204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K10204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a multidrug-resistant, non-glucose-fermenting, gram-negative bacterium with intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobial agents. Between 2016 and 2017, five\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were obtained from five patients at three hospitals in Myanmar. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against various antimicrobial agents were determined using the microdilution method. Whole genome sequencing was performed with the MiSeq and MinION platforms. Resistance genes and their surrounding structures were identified and compared. All five isolates were resistant to amikacin and aztreonam. Among them, one isolate, MyNCGM749, was resistant to imipenem and meropenem with MICs of 256 \u00b5g\/mL and amikacin with MIC of &gt;512 \u00b5g\/mL but intermediate to ciprofloxacin with MIC of 2 \u00b5g\/mL. The isolate carried\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      encoding metallo-\u03b2-lactamase,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>PSE-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      encoding extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-114<\/jats:sub>\n                      (encoding intrinsic -\u03b2-lactamase present in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), along with five aminoglycoside modification encoding genes including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6')-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph (6)-Id<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(3'')-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ant(4')-Iib<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(3')-VI<\/jats:italic>\n                      on its chromosome. The genetic structure surrounding\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      contained four IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">91<\/jats:italic>\n                      elements identical to those found in carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates in Myanmar. This is the first report of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Myanmar. Although\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                      harboring\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      has been reported in a single strain from India, its genomic details have not been previously described. This study indicates that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      -containing structure flanked by IS\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">91<\/jats:italic>\n                      is spreading among gram-negative, non-glucose-fermenting bacteria in Myanmar and neighboring countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Achromobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                        species were originally environmental organisms that became opportunistic pathogens with multidrug resistance.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                        is associated with nosocomially acquired infections affecting multiple organ systems, including the respiratory and urinary tracts, and, less commonly, the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. To date, carbapenem-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                        carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes has been reported in several countries, including Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Libya, and the Netherlands. In this molecular epidemiological study on\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                        in Myanmar, we identified the genomic structure surrounding\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                        , flanked by IS\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">91<\/jats:italic>\n                        . This structure may facilitate the spread of non-glucose-fermenting gram-negative bacteria, such as\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Achromobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                        ,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas,<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                        species, in Asian countries.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T09:02:09Z","timestamp":1747645329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Highly carbapenem-resistant\n                    <i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/i>\n                    harboring\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>NDM-1<\/sub>\n                    in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maiko","family":"Kirikae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeko","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Itakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan Ei","family":"Soe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Yangon, Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Thi","family":"Htoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Yangon, Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swe","family":"Setk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Yangon, Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Htay Htay","family":"Tin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory","place":["Yangon, Myanmar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Kirikae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-1879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01692sz90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medical Science","place":["Chiba, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1971.tb00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1182-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/cnp71350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701558714"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02293-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04260-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03729-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00341-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01243-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01463-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.2909-2913.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1249-1253.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0054-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26079-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05640-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","volume-title":"CLSI M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 7th ed, vol M7-A7=v. 26 no. 2","author":"Clinical LSI","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinical LSI. 2020. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 30th informational supplement. In CLSI M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 7th ed, vol M7-A7=v. 26 no. 2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.10.2289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00475-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.2.8119492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.3.598-599.1988"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T09:05:25Z","timestamp":1751360725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Krisztina M.","family":"Papp-Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00080-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00080-25"}}