{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:32:12Z","timestamp":1772163132280,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"DOD | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-18-2-4015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-18-2-4015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"HHS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200-2020-09528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2020-09528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The findings of this manuscript are increasingly important with new variants that appear to have shorter incubation periods emerging, which may be more prone to detection in saliva before detection in nasal swabs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide the science to support the use of a detection method that is highly sensitive and widely acceptable to the public to improve screening rates and early detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T09:01:20Z","timestamp":1647853280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of Saliva and Midturbinate Swabs for Detection of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5705-0138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianyu","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3196-4083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"German","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2289-5119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Filbert","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.-H. Sheldon","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-142X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"McPhaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0550-7834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donald K.","family":"Milton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Aerobiology and Biomarker Laboratory, Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the University of Maryland StopCOVID Research Group for the University of Maryland StopCOVID Research Group, Oluwasanmi Oladapo Adenaiye, Barbara Albert, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita, Yi Esparza, Aaron Kassman, Michael Lutchenkov, Dewansh Rastogi, Maria Schanz, Isabel Sierra Maldonado, Aditya Srikakulapu, Delwin Suraj, Faith Tour\u00e9, Rhonda Washington-Lewis, Somayeh Youssefi, Stuart Weston, Matthew Frieman, Mara Cai, Ashok Agrawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. Interim guidelines for collecting and handling of clinical specimens for COVID-19 testing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/lab\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02881-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00405-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"Swabs Collected by Patients or Health Care Workers for SARS-CoV-2 Testing","volume":"383","author":"Yp T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yp T, et al. 2020. Swabs Collected by Patients or Health Care Workers for SARS-CoV-2 Testing. The N Engl J Med 383.","journal-title":"The N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Interim Guidelines for Collecting Handling and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200501220321\/https:\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/lab\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00178-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2020.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82787-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-6569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.204576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2016321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01785-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"Saliva is less sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 detection in the community setting","author":"Becker D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker D, Sandoval E, Amin A, De Hoff P, Leonetti N, Lim YW, Elliott C, Laurent L, Grzymski J, Lu JT. 2020. Saliva is less sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 detection in the community setting. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.11.20092338.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2611.203283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","article-title":"Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing: A Qualitative Study in Bhutan","author":"Yangchen S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yangchen S, Ha S, Assan A, Tobgay T. 2021. Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing: A Qualitative Study in Bhutan. Research Square. https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-885659\/v1.","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00048-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.204200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2020.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-021-09376-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-021-05113-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"ThermoFisher Scientific. TaqPath TM COVID-19 Combo Kit and TaqPath TM COVID-19 Combo Kit Advanced* Instructions for Use. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/136112\/download."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029500400302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jcgs.2009.07130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T09:53:03Z","timestamp":1651053183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Heba H.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00128-22","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.12.01.21267147","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00128-22"}}