{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:51:30Z","timestamp":1786117890635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019782","name":"North South University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSU\/BIO\/CTRGC\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSU\/BIO\/CTRGC\/47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Shiga toxin-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (STEC) are important zoonotic pathogens that cause diarrheal diseases and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, but data from Bangladesh remain limited. We collected 352 rectal swabs and 2 retail meat samples from cattle at the Gabtoli Hat livestock market (Dhaka, Banglades) in 2017\u20132018 and recovered 1\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate per sample (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 354). PCR screening detected\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\/or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 228\/354 isolates (64.4%): 77 carried\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                      only, 68 carried\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                      only, and 83 carried both genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed frequent resistance to mecillinam, tetracyclines, macrolides, and piperacillin, while resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and colistin was uncommon, and no isolate displayed imipenem resistance. To explore the genetic diversity, eleven non-O157 isolates (including five\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive representatives stratified by toxin profiles, phylogroups, and resistance phenotypes) were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq. All genomes lacked the canonical intimin gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">eae;<\/jats:italic>\n                      however, they universally encoded\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">eaeH<\/jats:italic>\n                      , type 1 fimbrial genes, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpoS<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Comparative phylogenomics against 212 publicly available\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">stx<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive genomes placed several cattle isolates near human and food-associated lineages, suggesting shared lineage relationships rather than direct transmission. Phenotypically, all sequenced isolates formed weak-to-moderate biofilms, and only two showed marked survival in normal human serum, indicating virulence-associated heterogeneity independent of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">iss<\/jats:italic>\n                      copy number. Collectively, these results show that cattle in Bangladesh carry a notable reservoir of virulence and resistance-associated traits relevant to public health. These findings underscore the need for integrated One Health\u2013based genomic surveillance, limited antibiotic use in livestock, and targeted public health interventions to reduce human transmission risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genomic surveillance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      in cattle from a livestock market in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is limited. By screening cattle-derived\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">,<\/jats:italic>\n                      we found that nearly two-thirds of isolates carried Shiga toxin genes and that resistance to commonly used antibiotics was common. Whole-genome sequencing of 11 selected isolates revealed diverse non-O157 lineages that lacked the classical intimin gene but carried alternative adhesion factors, stress-response genes, and diverse plasmid and prophage content. Several cattle-derived isolates showed genetic relatedness to lineages observed in human and food-associated strains, although direct transmission cannot be inferred without matched epidemiological and temporal data. These findings highlight the value of urban livestock markets within an integrated One Health approach, supporting genomic surveillance, prudent antibiotic use in livestock, and targeted public health interventions to reduce the risk of human transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00148-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T12:00:42Z","timestamp":1782129642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and phenotypic characterization of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    from Bangladeshi cattle reveals diverse virulence and resistance profiles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tahrima 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