{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T02:03:04Z","timestamp":1788660184837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              ), a principal cariogenic pathogen responsible for dental caries, alters the oral biofilm ecology through the production of various metabolites. One such metabolite, mutanocyclin (MUC), a recently identified secondary metabolite, may have implications for both caries development and oral microbiome interactions. This study aimed to investigate the properties of MUC and its effects on\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              , as well as other oral commensal streptococci in mono- and multispecies biofilms. Our findings revealed that MUC significantly inhibited\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              planktonic growth, biofilm formation, lactic acid production, water-insoluble glucan synthesis, and extracellular polysaccharide production. In contrast, at lower concentrations, MUC stimulated the growth of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n              ) and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n              ). Additionally, MUC reduced the abundance of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              and enhanced the antagonistic activity of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n              against\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              in multispecies biofilms by upregulating the expression of the H\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              O\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              -related gene\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spxB<\/jats:italic>\n              and stimulating H\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              O\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              production. These results suggest that MUC has potential for anti-cariogenic activity against\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              and for modulating oral microbial communities within the cariogenic microenvironment, providing new therapeutic strategies for preventing dental caries.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Dental caries is a major global health concern, affecting millions and contributing to reduced quality of life and economic burdens. Our study investigated the properties of mutanocyclin (MUC), a recently discovered secondary metabolite produced by\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              . Our work sheds light on the role of MUC in modulating microbial communities in the oral cavity. We demonstrated that MUC influences the formation and cariogenicity of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              biofilms and its interactions with other beneficial oral bacteria. This research enhances our understanding of newly discovered secondary metabolites of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n              and offers a potential novel strategy for managing the microbial imbalances that lead to caries.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00183-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T09:00:14Z","timestamp":1750842014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anti-cariogenic activity of mutanocyclin, a secondary metabolite of\n            <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n            , in mono- and multispecies biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6215-1478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fangting","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, 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