{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1785402143596,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20211063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20211063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Changzhou Sci & Tech Program","award":["CJ20210113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJ20210113"]}]},{"name":"Leading Talent of Changzhou \"The 14th Five-Year Plan\" High-Level Health Talents Training Project","award":["2022260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022260"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study developed a two-dimensional PCR (2D-PCR) method for simultaneous detection of nine sexually transmitted disease pathogens (STDPs) in cervical brush samples collected after human papillomavirus (HPV) screening, aiming to evaluate co-infection rates and epidemiological trends. The 2D-PCR assay was optimized under single-tube closed conditions, with sensitivity and accuracy validated. The prevalent nine STDPs were assessed in 2,193 females undergoing routine gynecological inspections and HPV screening. Statistical analysis revealed correlations between HPV genotypes and identified pathogens. Results showed detection limits (LODs) of 10\u00b2\u201310\u00b3 copies\/\u03bcL for STDPs, with high concordance to triplex real-time PCR (Kappa = 0.90). Overall, 48.6% of samples tested positive for \u22651 pathogen, with 36.02% positive for \u22651 STDP. The most prevalent STDPs were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (27.04%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (3.42%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.23%). HPV-positive individuals exhibited higher STDP infection rates (46.32%) than HPV-negative counterparts (32.86%). Significant associations were observed between HPV infection and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U. parvum\/U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . HPV 52 was the predominant genotype in STDP-infected individuals (6.2%), with genotypes 52, 53, 6, 11, 42, 43, and 61 significantly more prevalent in STDP-positive groups. The 2D-PCR method proved sensitive and specific for multiplex STDPs detection, while epidemiological data highlighted significant STDP-HPV correlations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study introduces the first single-tube 2D-PCR method for efficient, high-throughput detection of nine STDPs, addressing a critical gap in co-infection diagnostics. The high prevalence of STDPs and their strong association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection underscore the clinical relevance of co-pathogen screening, particularly in HPV-positive populations. The significant linkage between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and HPV infection suggests potential synergistic mechanisms influencing HPV persistence or progression. Notably, the predominance of HPV 52 and increased prevalence of genotypes 53, 6, 11, 42, 43, and 61 in STDP-infected individuals highlight how pathogen co-infections may modulate HPV genotype distribution. These findings provide a robust tool for integrated STDPs\/HPV screening and offer epidemiological insights to guide targeted prevention strategies, ultimately enhancing management of sexually transmitted infections and HPV-related cervical disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T09:07:42Z","timestamp":1745485662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishment of a two-dimensional PCR method for simultaneous detection of nine sexually transmitted disease pathogens: insights into coinfection rates and epidemiological trends in HPV screening"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-5404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051jg5p78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051jg5p78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051jg5p78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051jg5p78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8339-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051jg5p78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"The diagnostics landscape for sexually transmitted infections","author":"WHO","year":"2023","unstructured":"WHO. 2023. The diagnostics landscape for sexually transmitted infections. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008376"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19538\/j.fk2024010118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention: use of dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive test for human papillomavirus (HPV)","author":"WHO","year":"2024","unstructured":"WHO. 2024. WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention: use of dual-stain cytology to triage women after a positive test for human papillomavirus (HPV). World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127857"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.23487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1228048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.859732"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00137-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2745-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4733-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-019-0243-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2021.2294"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn114452-20240204-00069"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"Neena Abdul","family":"Abdul Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]},{"given":"Sabitha","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T09:04:35Z","timestamp":1748941475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Day-Yu","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00237-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00237-25"}}