{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:57:22Z","timestamp":1785430642010,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University","award":["QY2022-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QY2022-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a gram-positive bacterium that causes a variety of diseases, including otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. While pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced disease burden globally, serotype replacement affects the effectiveness of the vaccine, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      has become resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains can interfere with the treatment of associated diseases. Monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as a promising solution to the clinical problems caused by refractory\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antigen-antibody affinity. The anti-hemolytic activity of the antibody was comprehensively evaluated by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti-hemolytic assay and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      mouse assay. The blood concentration-time change of the antibody was evaluated by pharmacokinetic assay. Humanized monoclonal antibody (2E5zumab) was found to have high affinity for pneumolysin (PLY).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti-hemolysis experiments demonstrated that the antibody could effectively neutralize PLY.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments indicated that the survival rate of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected mice was significantly improved by the antibody (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the antibody possessed a long half-life and high bioavailability, which were essential for sustained resistance to the toxin. In summary, the humanized antibody (2E5zumab) was successfully prepared, and the monoclonal antibody showed significant pharmacodynamic effects within\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      mouse models and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                        is a leading bacterial cause of a wide range of infections, including otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Pneumococcal disease has become a major public health problem worldwide. In this study, we developed a humanized monoclonal antibody (2E5zumab).\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                        functional assays demonstrated that the antibody was effective in neutralizing PLY, and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                        studies showed that the antibody had a strong effect against pneumococcal infections. Therefore, the present study provides a new humanized anti-PLY antibody that is important for the development of therapeutic interventions against pneumococcal infections.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00277-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T13:00:36Z","timestamp":1753448436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    evaluation of humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting 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