{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:57:57Z","timestamp":1785434277467,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance is the greatest threat to modern healthcare systems. The unrelentingly increasing drug resistance manifests in ESKAPE pathogens, thus necessitating urgent novel drug discovery. Whole cell-screening assays were used to identify Infuzide, expressing potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive pathogens\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . To probe if Infuzide\u2019s inactivity against gram-negative pathogens was due to entry issues, its activity was determined in the presence of Polymyxin B nonapeptide, a known membrane permeabilizer. Furthermore, its activity against clinical drug-resistant strains was evaluated. As the next step, the compound\u2019s time-kill kinetics against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was determined, along with its ability to synergize with approved drugs via checkerboard assays; this was further validated via combination time-kill kinetics assays. Infuzide\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      post-antibiotic effect, ability to eradicate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilms, and ability to isolate resistant mutants were also ascertained. Eventually, Infuzide\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      efficacy alone and in combination was assessed in murine neutropenic thigh and skin infection model against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Infuzide exhibits highly potent activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is comparable with standard of care. In addition, infuzide expresses concentration-dependent bactericidal activity with ~5.9 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      cfu\/mL reduction within 6 h of treatment and synergizes with gentamicin, linezolid, and minocycline, even against MDR strains. Infuzide also inhibits bacterial growth in both biofilm and intracellular phases and exhibits robust\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      efficacy in both neutropenic thigh and murine skin infection models without inducing resistance. Taken together, Infuzide exhibits all characteristics required for pre-clinical development as an anti-staphylococcal compound.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This study identifies Infuzide as a novel antimicrobial against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00279-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1748854811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive biological evaluation of infuzide as a potent antimicrobial, alone and in combination with gentamicin, linezolid, and minocycline targeting MDR\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                    sp."],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Maitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute","place":["Lucknow, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepanshi","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute","place":["Lucknow, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Akhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute","place":["Lucknow, 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