{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1790085610446,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020374","name":"Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-12\/1\/2021-SCHEME (CoE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-12\/1\/2021-SCHEME (CoE)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) carries a risk of infection. Cell-free fecal filtrate transplantation (FFT) represents a potentially safer alternative. The benefit of FFT has not been explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). We evaluated the therapeutic potential of FFT in a murine model of ALD. C57BL\/6N mice were pair-fed control or ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diets with thioacetamide for 12 weeks to induce ALD. FFT (0.22-\u00b5m-filtered stool slurry) from healthy mice was administered three times per week to ALD animals. Post-FFT day 7, hepatic and intestinal injury and inflammation were assessed. Fecal microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the hepatic\/stool metabolome was assessed by mass spectrometry. FFT was significantly better than abstinence, with reduced hepatic pro-inflammatory markers at the protein level, including IL-6 (1.6 fold change [FC],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), TNF-\u03b1 (1.2 FC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and also decreased collagen deposition (2.97 FC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) and TGF-\u03b2 expression (2 FC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). FFT improved intestinal barrier integrity by upregulation of ZO-1 protein (1.5-fold,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and Muc2 mRNA (3.28 FC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007), with concomitant reduction of plasma-endotoxin (2.5 FC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). FFT suppressed pathogenic taxa like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia\u2013Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log2 FC = \u22129.5, padj = 3.42E-13),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log2 FC = \u22125.6, padj = 0.004),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log2 FC = \u22121.5, padj = 0.004), and increased\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      NK3B31 group (log2 FC = 2.7, padj = 0.018), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      (log2 FC = 4.9, padj = 9.41E-16) in the gut. Metabolomic profiling of stool revealed significant increases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) in butyric, valeric, isobutyric, and ursodeoxycholic acids. These metabolites enriched pathways like butyrate metabolism (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), mitochondrial \u03b2-oxidation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008), and PPAR\u03b1 signaling (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), indicating intestinal and hepatic repair. FFT confers hepatoprotection in ALD by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis, and restoring the intestinal barrier, gut microbiota composition, and beneficial SCFA and bile acid metabolism. These findings support FFT as a promising preclinical strategy for gut\u2013liver axis modulation in ALD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) involves disrupted gut-liver communication, contributing to inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier function, and metabolic disturbances that exacerbate liver injury. This study demonstrates that fecal filtrate transplantation (FFT) attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury while modulating intestinal barrier-related markers, gut microbial communities, and microbial metabolites. These findings highlight the potential of cell-free microbial components as modulators of the gut\u2013liver axis and provide a basis for developing alternative approaches to gut-based intervention in ALD.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00377-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:05:54Z","timestamp":1790082354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fecal filtrate transplantation attenuates liver and gut injury in experimental alcohol-associated liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3289-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishu","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashi","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaswinder Singh","family":"Maras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-5610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiv K.","family":"Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences","place":["New Delhi, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7139-2011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shvetank","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v6vej93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of 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