{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:55:45Z","timestamp":1791413745620,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82172332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a coagulase-negative\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    that has become one of the primary causes of nosocomial infection. After a long period of antibiotic use,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has developed multiple resistance phenotypes for macrolides and lincosamides. Herein, we evaluated four\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    clinical isolates, of which three had antibiotic resistance patterns reported previously. The fourth isolate was resistant to both erythromycin and clindamycin in the absence of erythromycin induction. This novel phenotype, known as constitutive macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins resistance, has been reported in other bacteria but has not been previously reported in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Investigation of the isolate demonstrated a deletion in the methyltransferase gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermC,<\/jats:italic>\n                    upstream leader peptide. This deletion resulted in constitutive MLS resistance based on whole-genome sequencing and experimental verification. Continuous expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermC<\/jats:italic>\n                    was shown to inhibit the growth of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which turned out to be the fitness cost with no MLS pressure. In summary, this study is the first to report constitutive MLS resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which provides a better understanding of MLS resistance in clinical medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identified a novel phenotype of macrolides\/lincosamides resistance in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      which improved a better guidance for clinical treatment. It also clarified the mechanistic basis for this form of antibiotic resistance that supplemented the drug resistance mechanism of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In addition, this study elaborated on a possibility that continuous expression of some resistance genes was shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria themselves, which turned out to be the fitness cost in the absence of antibiotic pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00441-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T09:00:47Z","timestamp":1695114047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular basis and evolutionary cost of a novel macrolides\/lincosamides resistance phenotype in\n                    <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ruilin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9146-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0362-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0732-8893(98)00118-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.50.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880602900409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.5.1323-1326.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.1222-1224.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00799-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10387.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15931.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw663"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","unstructured":"Bushnell B . 2014. 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