{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:51Z","timestamp":1788269031196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"OceanKind"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018634","name":"Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Southern Oregon University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Coral disease outbreaks threaten reef ecosystems, often leading to widespread mortality and declines in coral cover. Outbreaks of tissue loss diseases like acute\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Montipora<\/jats:italic>\n                      white syndrome (aMWS) have impacted coral populations that include the Hawaiian rice coral (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Montipora capitata<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Multiple strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      are known pathogens, and strain OCN008 has been demonstrated as an etiological agent of aMWS in Hawai\u02bbi. Recent work has demonstrated that probiotic bacterial strains can be used to directly treat or prevent transmission (prophylaxis) of coral diseases. Based on their production of zones of inhibition and isolation from disease-resistant corals,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudoalteromonas ardens<\/jats:italic>\n                      R96,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudoalteromonas obscura<\/jats:italic>\n                      P94, strain Y97 (the genomic similarity to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudoalteromonas piscicida<\/jats:italic>\n                      is presented),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudoalteromonas umbrosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      B95, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio tetraodonis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pristinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      OCN044 were assessed for their ability to impair\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      OCN008 infection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. capitata<\/jats:italic>\n                      during laboratory infection trials. Individual inoculation of each of the five aforementioned strains on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. capitata<\/jats:italic>\n                      fragments for 48 h prior to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      OCN008 inoculation resulted in up to a 93.75% reduction in mortality. These results indicate that strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudoalteromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                      can act as prophylactics to prevent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. capitata<\/jats:italic>\n                      mortality from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      OCN008 infection and provide tools to improve disease resilience for Pacific corals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Coral disease outbreaks are a growing threat to the continued health of coral reefs, which are already vulnerable ecosystems. Strains of the bacterium\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                        are known to infect various coral species worldwide, predominantly causing tissue loss and death of the coral animal. Previous research has indicated that constituents from healthy coral microbiomes can act as probiotics to treat or prevent coral infections, and the discovery of effective probiotics is important in the effort to further develop mitigation tools for disease outbreaks. This work provides a demonstration of probiotic species that can protect coral from tissue loss infections by a strain of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                        and is an example of probiotics developed for coral species in Hawai\u02bbi. This work provides new tools for probiotic-based coral protection and evidence for this research as a viable avenue to protect coral in their native environments.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:06:16Z","timestamp":1784639176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of multiple probiotic strains that protect\n                    <i>Montipora capitata<\/i>\n                    coral from infection by\n                    <i>Vibrio coralliilyticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-5207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Blake","family":"Ushijima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02t0qr014","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington","place":["Wilmington, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Grant-Beurmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00py81415","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Duke University","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles K.","family":"Gongaware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02t0qr014","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington","place":["Wilmington, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-845X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"Videau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010kva064","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Sustainability, Southern Oregon University","place":["Ashland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7010-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia C.","family":"H\u00e4se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ysfqy60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University","place":["Corvallis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00338-011-0762-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13428"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03463-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-090120-115444"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-011-9946-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0323-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02274-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04590-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-022-01766-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md14070129"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00060-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00079-24"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:10:11Z","timestamp":1788268211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eva C.","family":"Sonnenschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00443-26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00443-26"}}